Starting out in chemistry and looking for information to expand your knowledge? In this section, you will find the necessary basics and many interesting facts about chemistry!
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, which, like alkanes, form a homologous series. However, unlike alkanes, alkenes have one multiple bond – a double bond – between carbon atoms. The remaining ones are single bonds, but the occurrence of even one multiple bond in a molecule makes the hydrocarbon an unsaturated compound.
Among the organic chemical compounds that are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons, we can distinguish the group called alkynes. They belong to this group of compounds due to their structure – the molecule contains only atoms of carbon and hydrogen, and one of the bonds between the carbon atoms is unsaturated. For alkynes, this is a […]
The pH scale is used to determine the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a quantitative scale that contains the absolute numbers from 0 to 14. It is based on the molar activity of hydronium ions [H3O+] in the tested liquid. The scale was developed in 1909 by the Danish biochemist S. […]
The term ‘hydroxides’ refers to the group of non-organic compounds which consist of two solid parts: a cation of metal, for example sodium [Na+], and a hydroxide anion [OH–]. The number of hydroxyl groups existing in the molecule is equal to the valence of the metal, as it itself has the valence –I.
The word ‘salt’ is our daily companion. Table salt is the seasoning we add to meals in order to preserve them or improve their taste. Table salt (NaCl-, sodium chloride) is also a salt in chemical terms. In chemistry, when we say ‘salt’, we aren’t referring to a single substance but to the whole range […]
If we know the pH value, we can establish the reaction of a given solution. A vast majority of chemical processes are carried out in a water environment. Consecutive compounds change their pH value as they decompose into ions. To determine that value, we usually use pH meters, but in practice the acid-base indicators continue […]
Acids form another large group of non-organic compounds aside from hydroxides or salts. They are present in the lives of all of us. We can find them, for instance, in mammals’ gastric juice, preservatives or additives designed for improving the taste of food products. They also constitute an important component in chemical industry processes.
At the atomic level, the world works according to the principles of quantum mechanics. Knowledge of the basic information about the structure of the atom is necessary for a proper understanding of our reality and is the foundation for further learning about the world of chemistry and its dependencies.
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