Starting out in chemistry and looking for information to expand your knowledge? In this section, you will find the necessary basics and many interesting facts about chemistry!
Substrates are substances involved in a reaction, that undergo chemical transformations. Products, in turn, are the material effects of such transformations. They are subject to a number of chemical laws and rules. Yet, it is also worth to take a broader look at substrates and products – in the context of industrial-scale processes.
Oxyacids are an extremely important group of chemical compounds that have a number o specific properties. They are characterised by the presence of at least one atom of oxygen in the acidic radical. They are an important raw material in many industrial processes. Oxyacids are used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, paper and other industries.
Many existing substances and compounds owe their properties to chemical bonds. Bonds hold atoms of specific elements together to make up a molecule. The nature of the bond that links them determines the strength of such a link.
Analytical chemistry provides chemists with a number of tools for qualitative analysis of selected chemical compounds. These tools are called “characteristic reactions”. They enable to identify a selected chemical species based on the observation or measurement of a change in a characteristic feature. Trommer’s test is an example of such a characteristic reaction.
Organic chemistry is a field where many areas are focused on carbon atoms as the basic structural component of each compound from that group. Most organic compounds also contain in their structure hydrogen and oxygen atoms, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine atoms. However, the most important molecule is carbon, given its special […]
Deliberations on various phenomena and processes must be multilayered. We should take into account both the microscopic and macroscopic properties. As the names suggest, this division is made by separating the orders of magnitude of the analysed items. The macroscopic domain, closely linked to the thermodynamics of chemical reactions, allows us to observe and measure […]
Dissociation, in chemical context, means the decomposition of a substance into other molecules. The word comes from the Latin term “dissociatio”, meaning “separation”. In scientific nomenclature, dissociation has various definitions, as it also has its specific meaning in psychology. But let us focus on what dissociation means in chemistry. Depending on the course of the […]
In terms of chemical structure, alkanes belong to the group of hydrocarbons. These compounds contain only two types of atoms: carbon and hydrogen. They are composed of the base carbon framework linked with hydrogen atoms. Alkanes have only single bonds, which is why they are called saturated hydrocarbons.
In terms of molecular structure, sugars can be classified as polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones and products of their condensation. That group of compounds, also referred to as carbohydrates, has the following generalised molecular formula: Cn(H2O)n or CnH2nOn
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