Alkoxylated fatty acids are non-ionic surfactants with various industrial applications.
Alkoxylated fatty acids are non-ionic surfactants with various industrial applications.
Alkoxylated fatty alcohols are formed by ethoxylation and / or propoxylation of fatty alcohols. These compounds are also called alkyl polyethers. Ethoxylated derivatives are synthesized by the reaction of ethylene oxide with higher fatty alcohols of petrochemical or oleochemical origin. Analogously, propoxylated fatty alcohol derivatives are obtained by reaction with propylene oxide.
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are a group of non-ionic surfactants, i.e. these compounds have no charge at the end of the hydrophilic part of the chain.
Alkyl esters are formed as a result of the esterification reaction of an alkyl polyol (alcohol) with carboxylic acids.
Alkyl ether sulphates (AES) are one of the three most important groups of anionic surfactants. The hydrophilic moiety of these surfactants is a sulphate group and a polyethylene chain. The hydrophobic part is usually a carbon chain derived from a fatty alcohol. The most common commercial form of alkyl ether sulphates are their sodium salts, such as Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES).
Alkylbenzene sulphonates belong to the group of anionic surfactants. They are formed by sulfonation of alkylbenzene, usually containing a linear chain of 10-13 carbon atoms. As a result, alkylbenzene sulphonic acid (ABS acid) is obtained. In the next stage, it is neutralized with sodium hydroxide, which results in obtaining alkylbenzene sulphonic acid sodium salt. The sulfonating agent may be oleum i.e. a mixture of sulphuric acid and sulphur trioxide, sulphur trioxide gas, or chlorosulphonic acid.