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Paints and varnishes

The paints consist of a colouring substance (pigment) and a number of additives, such as binders, thinners, dispersing agents, preservatives and many others.

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DISPERSANTS

Dispersants are substances that break down larger particles and prevent  their further reaggregation.

The dispersion system consists of two immiscible phases – one of which is a continuous phase and the other is a dispersed phase. Additional mechanical energy is required to disperse the substance, which will cause the dispersant to mix with the phases that make up the system.

The most common dispersants are surfactants or their mixtures of different HLB values. They adsorb on the surface of the particles of the phase to be dispersed. Surfactant molecules surrounding the droplets protect them from reaggregation due to electrostatic repulsion.

Dispersants are used in many applications, such as automotive industry as additives to engine oils or in the construction industry as additives to concrete. They can also be used in household and cosmetic chemical preparations. In the textile and clothing industry they are used as additives to pigments. They are also used in the processing of crude oil.